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19 Aug

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Cisco CCNA Certification: Static Routing Tutorial

21 Jun

To create static routes on a Cisco router, you use the ip route command followed by the destination network, network mask, and either the next-hop IP address or the local exit interface. It’s vital to keep that last part in mind – you’re either configuring the IP address of the downstream router, or the interface on the local router that will serve as the exit interface.

Let’s say your local router has a serial0 interface with an IP address of 200.1.1.1/30, and the downstream router that will be the next hop will receive packets on its serial1 interface with an IP address of 200.1.1.2/30. The static route will be for packets destined for the 172.10.1.0 network. Either of the following ip route statements would be correct.

R1(config)#ip route 172.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 200.1.1.2 (next-hop IP address)

OR

R1(config)#ip route 172.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial0 ( local exit interface)

You can also write a static route that matches only one destination. This is a host route, and has 255.255.255.255 for a mask. If the above static routes should only be used to send packets to 172.10.1.1., the following commands would do the job.

R1(config)#ip route 172.10.1.1 255.255.255.255 200.1.1.2 (next-hop IP address)

OR

R1(config)#ip route 172.10.1.1 255.255.255.255 serial0 ( local exit interface)

Finally, a default static route serves as a gateway of last resort. If there are no matches for a destination in the routing table, the default route will be used. Default routes use all zeroes for both the destination and mask, and again a next-hop IP address or local exit interface can be used.

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.1.1.2 (next-hop IP address)

OR

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial0 ( local exit interface)

IP route statements seem simple enough, but the details regarding the next-hop IP address, the local exit interface, default static routes, and the syntax of the command are vital for success on CCNA exam day and in the real world.

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Cisco 642-262 – Handling Cisco Unity Server

17 Jun

Some of the course contents may appear as common topics while there are few other related topics that may appear in the exam and this would improve the standard of the exam. The exam authority is free to change the guidelines of the exam without proper intimation and this makes the certification program to be highly valued. There are some of the present topics that one would have to concentrate on and they are as follows:

Cisco Unity Connection platforms which includes licensing and deployment models, the next one is the CUC installation, followed by CUC phone system integration. The fourth one on the list is CUC COBRAS. The fifth and sixth topics are preparing and managing CUC for users. These topics are to be learned and the student should make sure to gain the knowledge from the topics and not be exam oriented. The companies that are looking to hire certified professionals would like them to be efficient and good at their work.

There are few recommended training centers that one can join and learn the above mentioned topics properly and it is implementing Cisco unified connection or IUC. This is the only certified course training program launched by Cisco. You could also choose to buy or download the previous years question papers, just to know how it goes.

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Cisco CCNA, CCENT, and CCNP Practice Exam Questions – Frames, OSPF, Authentication Proxy, and More!

12 Jun

Test your knowledge of vital Cisco certification exam topics with these practice questions!

CCNA and CCENT Certification:

A frame comes into a switch on port fast0/1. The switch does a lookup on the destination MAC, and sees that the destination is also found off fast0/1. What action describes how the frame will be handled?

A. broadcast
B. unicast
C. forwarded
D. filtered
E. multicast

Answer: D. That frame is filtered – that is, the switch drops it.

CCNP / BSCI: Cisco OSPF design guidelines state that a router should be in no more than how many areas?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
E. Five

Answer: C. Cisco recommends a router not be placed in more than three areas.

CCNP / BCMSN:

Which of the following is NOT true of a SPAN source port?

A. It can be part of an Etherchannel.
B. It can be monitored in multiple SPAN sessions.
C. It can be a regular Ethernet port, Fast Ethernet, or Gigabit Ethernet.
D. It can also be a destination SPAN port.

Answer: D. A SPAN source port cannot be a destination port. The other three statements are true of source ports.

CCNP / ISCW:

You’re configuring the Authentication Proxy. In what locations can you store the user profiles?

A. TFTP Server
B. Local router’s Flash
C. RADIUS Server
D. Local router’s NVRAM
E. TACACS+ Server

Answers: C, E. The user profiles can be stored on and downloaded from a RADIUS or TACACS+ server.

CCNP / ONT Exam:

What’s the difference between an “ad hoc” wireless network and an “infrastructure” wireless network?

Answer: Ad Hoc networks have no wireless access points, and infrastructure wireless networks have at least one.

Look for more Cisco certification exam training questions on my website and on this one as well!


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    How To Become A Cisco VPN Specialist

    10 Jun

    There’s quite an emphasis on security in today’s networks, and that’s reflected in Cisco’s certification tracks. Cisco offers a CCIE Security track and the Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP) intermediate-level certification, but there is no real equivalent to the CCNA on the security side. Instead, Cisco offers several different Security Associate certifications.

    The good news is that you’ve got a lot of security specializations from which to choose; the bad news is that you’ve got a lot of choices! In choosing a specialization, take some time to choose a certification that will be of practical use to you in your current position or in your “dream job”.

    One of the more popular Security Associate certifications is the Cisco VPN Specialist certification. This two-exam track consists of a Securing Cisco Network Devices (SND, 642-551) exam and a Cisco Secure Virtual Private Networks (CSVPN, 642-511) exam. To earn the Cisco VPN Specialist exam, you must hold a valid CCNA certification.

    What should you expect on these exams? On the SND exam, expect to be grilled on basic security features on both switches and routers, as well as VPN 3000 concentrators, PIXes, and IDS/IPS Sensors. You’ll need to be ready to configure and troubleshoot basic AAA configurations, access-lists, syslog, AutoSecure, and much more. You should also be solid with IPSec.

    IPSec will also be part of your CSVPN exam. As you’d expect, you’ll also be expected to be quite good with the VPN 3000 Concentrator series, including browser configuration, creating users and group, the Windows VPN Software Client, and more.

    This is a demanding certification that is an excellent addition to your resume and your skill set. For the latest on this and other Cisco certifications, you should regularly visit the Learning & Events section of Cisco’s website. As a Cisco certification candidate, it’s your responsibility to stay current of any additions and changes to Cisco’s certification paths – and it’s good for your career!


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    Understanding the Principles Behind Quality of Service

    07 Jun

    Here’s the thing you need to ask yourself whenever you build a network to support Voice over IP, do I need to implement traffic prioritization? Most people when they hear that VoIP is going to share the same kit as data quickly assume that Quality of Service is an absolute must. Also in the same vain when huge volumes of network traffic is causing data loss, choppy sounding speech we all think that switching on traffic prioritization will solve all your problems. Quality of service is not the man for all seasons as one might expect.

    Quality of service is the better treatment of something to the detriment of another. Here is how I like to imagine QoS; I imagine walking into my local bank on a busy and as always having to choose which queue to join. Do I go for the shortest queue? Sod laws states it’ll be the slowest or do I take my chances with the longer queue?

    Would it not be fairer if the queues were populated by different types of customers, for instance we may decide that queue 1 is reserved for the richest of clients, queue 2 is set aside for well off ones and queue 3 for your everyday punter. I would then stroll into the bank safe in the knowledge that I will always join the rich queue. So in I go to the bank only to be turned away and pointed towards the 3rd queue. What happened there?

    At the entrance of the bank we have a member of staff called a classifier who’s job it is to determine (by the banks standards) if you merit going into the 1st, 2nd or 3rd queue. Within a network device a classifier is a process that is configured by the network administrator. The classifiers role is to look within the body of the frame(L_2) or packet (L_3) and find whatever field it has been configured to look for and from that field it can then place the traffic into the correct queue. In my network I will always want to place real time voice traffic in the priority queue.

    Therefore they will stop you and ask how much money you have; the answer will result in you being placed into the appropriate queue, oh by the way, once you are in the queue there is not queue jumping, the order in any queue is first in and first out.

    So everyone is now placed into the queue, now what?, the 1st queue seems to be moving along nicely but your queue 3 seems to be going nowhere, the reason is that no longer is there an individual teller per queue but only on teller to serve all three queues.

    You notice that they are paying more attention to the 1st queue, well that seems unfair, well that’s why Quality of Service is also referred to as managed unfairness, someone is getting better treatment to your detriment.

    So who decides who is going to get served next and from which queue? That job falls to a role called the scheduler who’s responsibility is to make sure that each queue is service for the appropriate amount of time, that time is again determined by the bank. The bank might decide that the 1st queue will serve at a ratio of 10:5:2. Not looking good for me in the 3rd queue.

    Getting back to the original thought when do we need Quality of Service. If I walk into the bank early in the morning when there are no customers then there is no need to queue, I can bypass the empty queues and go directly to the teller. In a network scenario if you have little data and voice traffic on your network queues will never be used as the interfaces can transmit data at such high rates that there is little chance of and serialization delay (Amount of time taken to put the data onto the wire).

    On the other hand, if news break out that the bank is going bust there will be a run on the banks, the place will be packed out with people trying to get at their money, the 1st queue will overflow with all the rich people trying to get their money along with the well off and the normal customers in queue 3. At this point the classifier at the door is going to have to start turning people away. In a network scenario if you have excessive traffic on you network, you will have excessive traffic of all kinds that will fill you interface queues, therefore all traffic types will suffer.

    The only thing the bank can do is order the teller to work faster. In a network scenario you need to get faster interfaces. Quality of service can only do so much but better to have it than have a complete free for all.


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    Cisco CCNP Certification Exam Tutorial: Making The Most Of Cisco’s CCNP Program Changes

    04 Jun

    As you probably know by now, Cisco’s making some sweeping changes in their Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) program. Two longtime exams are being retired at the end of the year, two are being revised, and two new exams will be making their debut in late 2006.

    If you’re currently working on the CCNP or even thinking about it, the one thing you must NOT do is postpone your studies. On occasion, some certification exam candidates postpone their studies when they hear of an exam change. Cisco has announced these CCNP changes well ahead of time, and you’ve got plenty of time to pass some CCNP exams by the end of the year – and they still count toward the CCNP!

    Let’s take an exam-by-exam look at the current and future CCNP programs.

    The BSCI exam is being updated, with the current exam being retired at the end of 2006.

    The BCMSN exam is being updated, with the current exam being retired at the end of 2006.

    The BCRAN exam is being retired at the end of 2006, and it will be replaced by the Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks (642-825) exam.

    The CIT exam is being retired at the end of 2006, and it will be replaced by the Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (642-845) exam.

    Any CCNP certification exam you take by the end of 2006 does count toward your CCNP, so there is no reason to postpone your studies. You never get anywhere by waiting!

    The one thing you can’t do is take the current exam version and then take the new one and have both count toward the CCNP. The CCNP has a three-exam path and a four-exam path, and here are the four exam qualifications you must fulfill to become a CCNP with the four-exam path:

    Current BSCI (640-802) or Revised BSCI (642-901)

    Current BCMSN (640-816) or Revised BCMSN (642-812)

    Current BCRAN (640-822) or New ISCW (640-863)

    Current CIT (642-383) or New ONT (642-845)

    If your choose the three-exam path, just replace the first two exams shown above with the current Composite exam (642-891) or revised Composite exam (642-892). Cisco expects to release the revised Composite exam in November 2006.


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      Cisco’s future in three words: TelePresence, collaboration, video

      02 Jun

      If you want a quick summation of where Cisco is going to focus in the next three to five years, the three magic words are TelePresence, collaboration and video. That’s the troika that will bring all of Cisco’s strategic planning, R&D and acquisitions together.

      Of the three, Cisco has proclaimed video the killer app, and the company plans to introduce in 2008 its EOS (Entertainment Operating System), a hosted software platform that will integrate social networking, content distribution and content targeting into a unified operating environment.

      Outlining its high-level plans, Cisco kicked off its C-Scape 2007 analyst conference in San Jose on Tuesday, bringing in industry experts and remote conference attendees via its TelePresence videoconferencing solution.

      According to Cisco CEO John Chambers, the industry is in the second phase of major Internet development, which will use collaboration via Web 2.0 technology as a positive disruptive force that promotes social netw…

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      CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Internetwork Expert Course Outline

      31 May

      Required Exam: 640-816 ICND2 (Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2)

      I. Module 1: VLANs

      A. Advanced Switching Technologies

      B. VLANs

      C. VLAN Configuration

      D. VLAN Trunking

      E. VTP

      F. RSTP

      G. Advanced Switching Verifications

      H. Basic Layer 2 Security

      II. Module 2: IP Addressing/Services for Medium-Sized Network

      A. VLSM

      B. Summarization

      C. IPv6 Requirements

      D. IPv6 Addressing

      E. IP Address Troubleshooting

      III. Module 3: IP Routing

      A. Routing Methods and Protocols

      B. OSPF

      C. EIGRP

      D. Verification and Troubleshooting

      E. Basic Router Security

      IV. Module 4: NAT and ACLs

      A. Access Control Lists

      B. Verification and Troubleshooting of ACLs

      C. Network Address Translation

      D. Troubleshooting NAT

      V. Module 5: Implementing WANs

      A. Frame Relay

      B. Troubleshooting

      C. VPNs

      D. PPP

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      CCNA Security Bootcamp Class-on-Demand Now Available!

      27 May

      INE is proud to announce that our CCNA Security Class-on-Demand is now completed and available for viewing! Taught by myself, this class includes more than 12 hours of instructor-led videos to prepare you for the latest Implementing Cisco IOS Network Security (IINS) exam. Video samples of this series can be found below.

      There is no doubt , INE is king in Class on demand every product is great , This MAN know his stuff and I am happy that I spend my time on R&S Open lecture series.

      This series uses INE’s tried and true hands-on learning approach. This unique method of delivery allows you to not only learn how advanced networking technologies work in real-world design scenarios, but to also see live Cisco IOS command line and SDM GUI examples of how to configure, verify, and troubleshoot those scenarios.

      Whether your are preparing for the CCNA Security, or beginning your studies for the CCSP or CCIE Security certifications, this series will exceed all of your expectations.

      Samples of the CCNA Security Bootcamp Class-on-Demand can be found below. Note that the quality of the actual Class-on-Demand recordings is much higher resolution than the YouTube videos, as some quality is lost in the YouTube encoding process.

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